Jump to topic
If you’ve ever had an eye exam, and your doctor has determined that you will need vision correction, they may have mentioned that you have astigmatism, nearsightedness (myopia), farsightedness (hyperopia), or another type of eye condition that affects your vision.
They probably gave you an eyeglasses prescription that looks something like this:
These are all crucial pieces of information when it comes time to get your eyewear. (Note that this is different than a contact lens prescription). But what exactly do all these abbreviations and numbers mean?
We’ll break down your prescription step-by-step so that you’ll know exactly how to read your glasses prescription, and what your prescription means by the end of this article.
You’ll typically find the abbreviates OD and OS on the left side of your prescription. These are abbreviations for the Latin terms oculus dexter and oculus sinister. Essentially, OD means right eye, and OS means left eye. You may also have a column labeled OU, which means oculus uterque, or both eyes.
Some eye doctors will have modernized this and replaced OD with RE (right eye) and OS with LE.
Sphere, sometimes abbreviated as SPH, indicates the amount of lens power needed to correct nearsightedness or farsightedness. It is measured in diopters, which is the unit of measurement for the refractive (light bending) power of a lens. If the number is negative (–), it means it is correcting nearsightedness. If the number is positive (+) it means it is correcting farsightedness.
The term “sphere” refers to the fact that distance vision correction is spherical – or equal in all meridians of the eye.
Cylinder, abbreviated CYL, follows sphere power in your eyeglass prescription. It indicates the amount of lens power needed to correct astigmatism, measured in diopters. If this column is blank, it means you have no astigmatism. If the number contains a minus sign (–), it means it is correcting nearsighted astigmatism. If the number has a plus sign or is positive (+), it means it is correcting farsighted astigmatism.
Astigmatism correction is not spherical. Cylindrical correction means that one meridian has no added power, while the meridian perpendicular to it has the maximum lens curvature and power added to it.
Axis refers to the lens meridian that contains no cylindrical power to correct astigmatism. The axis is labeled as a number from 1 to 180. If a prescription includes cylinder power, it must be followed by an axis. The axis value is often preceded by an “x” when written in freehand.
The axis is always exactly 90-degrees away from the meridian that contains all of the correcting lens power for astigmatism.
Add indicates the magnifying power applied to the bottom part of bifocal, multifocal, or progressive lenses used to correct presbyopia (age-related farsightedness). This number is always positive, even if it doesn’t have a plus sign (+) in front of it. These numbers typically are the same for both eyes and range from +0.75 to +3.00.
Prism refers to the amount of prismatic power needed to correct eye alignment problems, measured in prism diopters. This number is followed by the base direction, or thickest edge, of the prism. This is only present if your eyes do not focus well together as a pair, such as in strabismus (eye turn).
This number will appear as a decimal (0.5) or fraction (½) followed by two letters indicating the base direction:
There may be additional information written in by your optometrist or ophthalmologist regarding your eye health. These will usually be specific types of corrective lens recommendations such as multifocal lenses, progressives, anti-reflective coating, photochromatic, or transition lenses. Some eyeglass prescriptions may require a PD (pupillary distance) measurement.
Remember, eyeglasses prescriptions are different than prescriptions for contact lenses. A contact lens prescription can only be obtained from a contact lens consultation and fitting.
LensCrafters provides a huge selection of designer and budget eyeglasses and sunglasses. Free shipping and a 30-Day Unconditional Money-Back Guarantee.
Canadian Association of Optometrists. How to Read Your Eyeglass Prescription. 18 June 2018, https://opto.ca/health-library/how-to-read-your-eyeglass-prescription.
Center for Devices and Radiological Health. “Sunglasses, Spectacle Frames, Spectacle Lens and Magnifying Spectacles.” U.S. Food and Drug Administration, FDA, 20 Aug. 2018, www.fda.gov/medical-devices/guidance-documents-medical-devices-and-radiation-emitting-products/sunglasses-spectacle-frames-spectacle-lens-and-magnifying-spectacles
Dain, Stephen J et al. “Impact resistance and prescription compliance with AS/NZS 1337.6:2010.” Clinical & experimental optometry vol. 96,5 (2013): 472-8. doi:10.1111/cxo.12000
Hoskin, Annette K et al. “Spectacle-related eye injuries, spectacle-impact performance and eye protection.” Clinical & experimental optometry vol. 98,3 (2015): 203-9. doi:10.1111/cxo.12283
Shneor, Einat et al. “A survey of the criteria for prescribing in cases of borderline refractive errors.” Journal of optometry vol. 9,1 (2016): 22-31. doi:10.1016/j.optom.2015.09.002
Virgili, Gianni et al. “Reading aids for adults with low vision.” The Cochrane database of systematic reviews vol. 4,4 CD003303. 17 Apr. 2018, doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003303.pub4
Hrynchak, Patricia. “Prescribing spectacles: reasons for failure of spectacle lens acceptance.” Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists) vol. 26,1 (2006): 111-5. doi:10.1111/j.1475-1313.2005.00351.x
Schiefer, Ulrich et al. “Refractive errors.” Deutsches Arzteblatt international vol. 113,41 (2016): 693-702. doi:10.3238/arztebl.2016.0693
This site complies with the
HONcode standard for trustworthy health information:
verify here.
