How to Make the World Accessible for the Visually Impaired

Visual impairment brings challenges and specific needs when accessing information. However, blind accessibility is becoming increasingly possible due to developments, including:

Advances in technology
Assistive tools
Inclusive policies
Accommodations for the visually impaired

From providing Braille keyboards or computer magnifiers to creating accessible websites or video subtitling services, businesses and organizations are working to ensure all users have equal access to the same information.

This article will examine the various access strategies available for those with visual impairment. It will also explore how these can open new possibilities for equal rights in the digital age.

How to Make Websites Accessible for People with Visual Impairments

An essential aspect of visual accessibility is making websites available to everyone, regardless of visual acuity or field. To create an accessible website, site owners must understand the assistive technologies available for the visually impaired.

1. Assistive Technologies for Screen Reader Users

You can incorporate the following into your website design for a better user experience:

Screen Readers

Screen reader software is a program that reads the contents of a computer or mobile device’s display.³ It’s an invaluable tool for those with a visual impairment as they enable screen reader users to interact independently with the digital world.

Screen reader compatibility is essential when developing websites. Some popular software programs include:

Magnifiers

Magnifiers help people with visual impairments enlarge text, images, videos, and other information on their computer or mobile device. This can help make a website more user-friendly, allowing them to navigate the page more quickly.

The Kantek MAXVIEW LCD Monitor Magnifier and Mag&Read Tablet with Workstation are great magnifier options for computers and tablets.

Braille Keyboards or Keypads

Braille keyboards and keypads transform visual information on computer screens into tactile language, allowing visually impaired users to read with their fingertips. It provides a near-instantaneous text translation, continually updated as the cursor moves by electronically raising or lowering pins in braille cells.

The Perkins Brailler and the Perkins SMART Brailler are great choices for those looking to add this type of technology to their setup.

2. Optimizing Web Page Content for Visual Accessibility

Web page content should be written to cater to those with vision impairments. It can help improve the user experience and ensure everyone can access your site regardless of visual acuity or field.

Optimizing your page for visual accessibility includes:

Providing image descriptions
Labeling explicit links properly
Using good surrounding text for context

Even non-vision impaired users benefit from this approach, as explicit link labels and rich surrounding text can help them better understand the page context and navigate it more easily.

Here’s a list of all the techniques that will make your website visually accessible:

Ensure the text is correctly marked up using HTML tags, helping every screen reader interpret the page correctly
Use descriptive titles and alt-texts for images, audio files and videos to give the visually impaired an idea of what they’re missing
Provide audio and video transcripts, which are great for those with vision or hearing impairments
Test the website with various assistive technologies to ensure it’s properly compatible
Add keyboard-navigable menus and dynamic text, not just images or buttons
Design clear and concise headings, titles, labels, and visual elements
Code and structure web page layouts that are consistent and easy to scan
Layout actionable page elements, such as form buttons or links, in predictable places

3. Enhancing Website Navigation and Readability

The following tips can help improve website navigation and readability for those with vision impairments:

Keep titles concise yet meaningful, as they will be read aloud by screen readers
Choose appropriate textual links and ensure they’re in underlined blue text for easy detection
All text must provide sufficient contrast against its background so magnifying software can read them
Avoid using CAPTCHA codes
Provide clear instructions on how to complete a form or task, as well as error messages when necessary
Replace content-specific images with text-based alternatives
Label all form elements, including checkboxes and radio buttons
Provide audio feedback when visually impaired users interact with the website

Use a contrast checker to ensure your website or display settings meet minimum WCAG AA contrast standards. The WCAG AA contrast ratio guidelines suggest a ratio of at least 4.5:1 between the text and its background, making it easy for everyone to read.

4. Mobile Device Accessibility

In addition to the abovementioned ways, certain features work best when optimized for mobile devices. For instance, you can use the VoiceOver feature on iPhones and iPads to read text when zoomed in.

You can also use the TalkBack feature to navigate through an app or website with haptic feedback for Android devices. Other options include PhoneGap and Ionic Framework.

Simply allowing manual font size adjustment and enabling the device’s built-in reader mode can make a huge difference, too.

5. Improving Accessibility for Color Blindness and Other Visual Disabilities

Age-related vision loss, tunnel vision, and color blindness make viewing websites challenging. That’s why it’s essential to design websites with these special populations in mind.

To do this, consider these tips:

Ensure the text and visual elements provide sufficient contrast and don’t rely too heavily on color-coding
Offer audio alternatives for videos and images and text labels for all visual elements
Provide a range of font size to accommodate different visual acuity needs
Design with larger buttons and input fields so they’re easy to tap on
Use a color-blindness simulator to test how your website appears to those with a color-vision deficiency
Provide alternative text for all images, videos, and audio files
Clearly label all buttons and links to support those with legible vision
Ensure all form fields provide verbal and visual feedback when inputting data
Design a consistent page layout with predictable navigational elements
Utilize text-to-speech programs for audio and video content

6. Web Design Considerations for an Inclusive User Experience

Ensuring your website is accessible to everyone requires web designers to keep a few key considerations in mind. The most important of these are:

Provide keyboard-navigable menus and dynamic text where possible, not just images or buttons
Design clear and concise titles, headings, labels, and visual elements
Make sure the mouse pointer is visible to help visually impaired users accurately track their movements
Code and structure web page layouts that are easy to understand and navigate
Use universal web design patterns, such as tabbed interfaces, drop-down menus, and pagination, whenever possible
Reduce the need to scroll by organizing content into concise blocks
Include bold text to provide emphasis on important information and an accurate overview
Employ sans serif fonts for better screen readability

How to Make Public Places Accessible for People with Visual Impairments

Many public places are not yet fully accessible for people with visual impairments. However, some accommodations for the visually impaired can be made to make the space more navigable and comfortable.

Here are a few ideas to make public places more accessible for people with visual impairments:

Install tactile paving tiles in sidewalks and pathways to warn those with impairments of upcoming obstacles such as curbs, stairs, or changes in the road surface
Properly label elevators, doors, and other locations with Braille signage
Ensure that elevators and stairs include Braille numbers on buttons and handrails with tactile guidance
Install audio announcement systems at entrances, ticket stations, and transit platforms
Provide audio descriptions of exhibits in museums or galleries
Supply audio cues in elevators and other public areas to indicate which floor the user is on
Install talking signs to help people find their way
Keep paths free from obstacles and marked with contrasting colors
Provide large print materials and Braille documents in public libraries
Install additional directional lights or tactile signs at busy intersections, such as arrows or bumps

You can significantly improve blind accessibility and visual impairment accessibility by making these small changes in public places. This will help ensure everyone with the condition has equal rights and access to the same opportunities as their sighted peers.

Understanding Visual Impairment

Visual impairment is an umbrella term for various conditions that affect a person’s ability to see, partially or entirely. Those affected have sights that glasses, contacts, or surgery cannot fully correct.

It’s sometimes due to a loss of visual acuity, making objects appear blurry or fuzzy. Other times, visual impairment is a loss of the visual field, where a person can’t see as wide an area as usual without shifting their gaze or head.¹

Degrees of Visual Impairment

There are varying degrees of visual impairment, which can be described differently according to the World Health Organization:²

Low vision: Someone has visual clarity between 20/70 to 20/400 or a visual field of 20 degrees or less, even with correction
Blindness: Someone has visual acuity worse than 20/400 or a visual field of 10 degrees or less, even with correction

If you have 20/70 visual acuity, you can only see what a person with normal vision sees at 70 feet when standing 20 feet away. But if you have 20/400, you can only see what a normal-sighted person sees at 400 feet when standing at the same distance of 20 feet.

Low Vision Resources

If you or a loved one is living with a visual impairment, many resources can help.

In this article

Visual Impairment Accessibility

How to Make Websites Accessible for People with Visual Impairments